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| [RACTI-RU1-2007-114] Aracil, Javier, Akar, Nail, Bjornstad, S., Casoni, M., Christodoulopoulos, Konstantinos, Careglio, Davide, Fdez-Palacios, J., Gauger, C., de Dios, Oscar Gonzalez, Karasan, Ezhan, Klinkowskif, Miroslaw, Morato, D., Nejabati, Reza, Overby, H., Rafaelli, Carla, Simeonidou, Dimitra, Stolc, N., Tosi-Beleffi, G. and Vlachos, Kyriakos, Research in Optical Burst Switching with in the E-Photon/ONe Network of Excellence, in: Elsevier: Journal of Optical Switching and Networks, volume 4, number 1, pages 1-19, 2007. |
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| Keywords: | Optical Burst Switching; EU networks of excellence; Dynamic optical networks
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| [RACTI-RU1-2006-64] Vlachos, Kyriakos, Research in optical burst switching within the e-Photon/ONe network of excellence $ The e-Photon/ONe Network of Excellence, in: Optical Switching and Networking, volume 4, pages 1-19, 2006. |
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| Keywords: | Optical Burst Switching; EU networks of excellence; Dynamic optical networks
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| [RACTI-RU1-2009-61] Vlachos, Kyriakos, Rafaelli, Carla, Aleksic, Slavisa, Andriolli, Nicola, Apostolopoulos, Dimitrios, Avramopoulos, Hercules, Erasme, Didier, Klonidis, Dimitris, Petersen, Martin Nordal, Scaffardi, Mirco, Schulze, Karsten, Spiropoulou, Maria, Sygletos, Stelios, Tomkos, Ioannis, Vazquez, Carmen, Zouraraki, Olga and Neri, Fabio, Photonics in switching: enabling echnologies and subsystem design, in: Journal of Optical Networking, volume 8, number 5, pages 404-428, 2009. |
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Abstract:
Present-dayapplicationsofthehighcapacityprovidedbyopticalfibermainlyconcern
point-to-pointlinks,possiblyequippedwithamplifiers.Asaconsequence,optical
WDMlightpathsarestaticandareboundtobeconsideredasascarceresource.Once
setup,theyremaininplace,essentiallyforever.Thus,currentopticalnetworksare
staticwavelength(circuit)switched,whereopticalcross-connects(OXCs)areusedto
switchtraffic[1].However,opticalcircuitswitching(OCS)perfectlyfitsforsmooth
trafficofconstantbitrates,butisunsuitablefordynamicalopticalnetworkingtosup-
portburstytraffic.Opticalpacketswitching(OPS)[2]hasbeenproposedforthe
on-demanduseofcapacity.Althoughverypromising,thistechnologylagsbehinddue
tothelackofatrueopticalrandomaccessmemory.Thisstressestheneedforon-the-
flypacketprocessing,whichisimpossiblewiththecurrentstate-of-the-artall-optical
logic[3].Anotherpromisingcandidateisopticalburstswitching(OBS),whichcom-
binesthemeritsofpacketandcircuitswitching[4].OBShasbeenproposedtorelax
thetechnologyconstraintsofOPSbyattainingthedynamic,fastsetupofvirtual
lightpaths.Inanycase,itisonlytheswitchingspeedthatreallytransformstheraw
bitratesintousefulbandwidth,andphotonictechnologyplaysanimportantrole
towardthisaim.Tosupportdynamicopticalnetworking,opticalrouterswithfast
reconfigurationcapabilityarerequired.Inrecentyearsmanyresearchactivitieshave
beeninvestigatingarchitecturalsolutionsforopticalrouterimplementation[5-7].A
keypointistheavailabilityoffeasibleenablingphotonictechnologytomeetarchitec-
turalandoperationalrequirements.
Thispaperreviewsthestateoftheartofphotonictechnologyforhigh-performance
opticalswitchingandreportsrecentresearchresultsfromtheVirtualDepartmenton
OpticalSwitchingandSystems(VD-S),partofthee-Photon/ONe+andICT-BONE
networkofexcellence[8,9].Togetherwithanotherpapermainlyrelatedtosystem
aspectsandexperimentsinphotonicswitching[10],itprovidesaquitecompleteover-
viewofthecurrentresearchactivitiesinthatfieldtoofferacommonknowledgeplat-
formtostimulatefurtherresearch.Thee-Photon/ONe+networkofexcellenceisan
EU-fundedprojectthataimsatintegratinganddevelopingknowledgeinthefieldof
opticalnetworkingandphotonictechnology.TheVD-Sworkinggroupconsistsof22
academicandindustrialpartners,anditsscopeistoidentifyanddevelopkeyswitch-
ingtechnologiestomakethespectrumefficientintermsofswitchingandnotonlyin
termsofcapacity.Towardthisgoal,theVD-Sworkinggroupdevelopedsynergies
betweenpartnersthroughcollaborativeprojects,includingmobilityactionsforinte-
gratingresearchersandforobtainingaccesstouniqueexperimentalfacilitiesand
opticaltestbeds.
WithinthecourseoftheVD-Sgroup,keyopticalsubsystemsthathavebeenidenti-
fiedtoexhibitsignificantperformanceadvancesoverothercandidatetechnologiesare
opticalbuffers,opticalmultiplexers/demultiplexers,andopticalpacket/burstswitches.
However,toachievetheadvantagesofhighperformanceandlowpowerconsumption
thatphotonicscanoffer,otherbuildingblockssuchaswavelengthconverters,optical
logicgates,andregeneratorsmustbedeveloped.Thispaperreviewstheenabling
technology,presentstherecentadvancesinthedesignanddevelopmentofsuchsub-
systems,andpresentsrecenteffortstowardtheimplementationofatrueall-optical
packetswitchingnode.
Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.Section 2 presentsenablingoptical
technologiesandisparticularlyfocusedonrecentadvancesinhybridintegration,
wavelengthconversion,andringresonator scapabilities.Sections 3-5 presentthe
stateoftheartintheseareasandresearchresultscarriedoutandundertheorgani-
zationofVD-S.FinallySection 6 concludesthepaper.
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