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| [RACTI-RU1-2009-62] Azodolmolky, Siamak, Klonidis, Dimitris, Tomkos, Ioannis, Ye, Yabin, Saradhi, Chava Vijaya, Salvadori, Eliot, Gunkel, Matthias, Manousakis, Kostas, Vlachos, Kyriakos, Varvarigos, Emmanouel, Nejabati, Reza, Simeonidou, Dimitra, Eiselt, Michael, Comellas, Jaume, Sole-Pareta, Josep, Simonneau, Christian, Bayart, Dominique, Staessens, Dimitri, Colle, Didier and Pickavet, Mario, A Dynamic Impairment-Aware Networking Solution for Transparent Mesh Optical Networks, in: IEEE Communications Magazine, volume 47, number 5, pages 38-47, 2009. |
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| [RACTI-RU1-2010-66] Agraz, Fernando, Azodolmolky, Siamak, Angelou, Marianna, Parello, J., Velasco, Luis, Spadaro, Salvatore, Francescon, A., Saradhi, Chava Vijaya, Pointurier, Yvan, Kokkinos, Panagiotis, Varvarigos, Emmanouel, Gunkel, Matthias and Tomkos, Ioannis, DICONET Solutions for Dynamic Impairment-Aware Networking in Transparent Optical Networks, in: OFC 2010, 2010. |
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| [RACTI-RU1-2008-22] Rafaelli, Carla and Vlachos, Kyriakos, Photonics in Switching: Architectures, Systems and enabling Technologies, in: Elsevier: Journal of Computer Networks, volume 52, number 10, pages 1873-1890, 2008. [DOI] |
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| Keywords: | Optical networking, Optical switching , Optical switch architecture, Switching experiment
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| [RACTI-RU1-2009-61] Vlachos, Kyriakos, Rafaelli, Carla, Aleksic, Slavisa, Andriolli, Nicola, Apostolopoulos, Dimitrios, Avramopoulos, Hercules, Erasme, Didier, Klonidis, Dimitris, Petersen, Martin Nordal, Scaffardi, Mirco, Schulze, Karsten, Spiropoulou, Maria, Sygletos, Stelios, Tomkos, Ioannis, Vazquez, Carmen, Zouraraki, Olga and Neri, Fabio, Photonics in switching: enabling echnologies and subsystem design, in: Journal of Optical Networking, volume 8, number 5, pages 404-428, 2009. |
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Abstract:
Present-dayapplicationsofthehighcapacityprovidedbyopticalfibermainlyconcern
point-to-pointlinks,possiblyequippedwithamplifiers.Asaconsequence,optical
WDMlightpathsarestaticandareboundtobeconsideredasascarceresource.Once
setup,theyremaininplace,essentiallyforever.Thus,currentopticalnetworksare
staticwavelength(circuit)switched,whereopticalcross-connects(OXCs)areusedto
switchtraffic[1].However,opticalcircuitswitching(OCS)perfectlyfitsforsmooth
trafficofconstantbitrates,butisunsuitablefordynamicalopticalnetworkingtosup-
portburstytraffic.Opticalpacketswitching(OPS)[2]hasbeenproposedforthe
on-demanduseofcapacity.Althoughverypromising,thistechnologylagsbehinddue
tothelackofatrueopticalrandomaccessmemory.Thisstressestheneedforon-the-
flypacketprocessing,whichisimpossiblewiththecurrentstate-of-the-artall-optical
logic[3].Anotherpromisingcandidateisopticalburstswitching(OBS),whichcom-
binesthemeritsofpacketandcircuitswitching[4].OBShasbeenproposedtorelax
thetechnologyconstraintsofOPSbyattainingthedynamic,fastsetupofvirtual
lightpaths.Inanycase,itisonlytheswitchingspeedthatreallytransformstheraw
bitratesintousefulbandwidth,andphotonictechnologyplaysanimportantrole
towardthisaim.Tosupportdynamicopticalnetworking,opticalrouterswithfast
reconfigurationcapabilityarerequired.Inrecentyearsmanyresearchactivitieshave
beeninvestigatingarchitecturalsolutionsforopticalrouterimplementation[5-7].A
keypointistheavailabilityoffeasibleenablingphotonictechnologytomeetarchitec-
turalandoperationalrequirements.
Thispaperreviewsthestateoftheartofphotonictechnologyforhigh-performance
opticalswitchingandreportsrecentresearchresultsfromtheVirtualDepartmenton
OpticalSwitchingandSystems(VD-S),partofthee-Photon/ONe+andICT-BONE
networkofexcellence[8,9].Togetherwithanotherpapermainlyrelatedtosystem
aspectsandexperimentsinphotonicswitching[10],itprovidesaquitecompleteover-
viewofthecurrentresearchactivitiesinthatfieldtoofferacommonknowledgeplat-
formtostimulatefurtherresearch.Thee-Photon/ONe+networkofexcellenceisan
EU-fundedprojectthataimsatintegratinganddevelopingknowledgeinthefieldof
opticalnetworkingandphotonictechnology.TheVD-Sworkinggroupconsistsof22
academicandindustrialpartners,anditsscopeistoidentifyanddevelopkeyswitch-
ingtechnologiestomakethespectrumefficientintermsofswitchingandnotonlyin
termsofcapacity.Towardthisgoal,theVD-Sworkinggroupdevelopedsynergies
betweenpartnersthroughcollaborativeprojects,includingmobilityactionsforinte-
gratingresearchersandforobtainingaccesstouniqueexperimentalfacilitiesand
opticaltestbeds.
WithinthecourseoftheVD-Sgroup,keyopticalsubsystemsthathavebeenidenti-
fiedtoexhibitsignificantperformanceadvancesoverothercandidatetechnologiesare
opticalbuffers,opticalmultiplexers/demultiplexers,andopticalpacket/burstswitches.
However,toachievetheadvantagesofhighperformanceandlowpowerconsumption
thatphotonicscanoffer,otherbuildingblockssuchaswavelengthconverters,optical
logicgates,andregeneratorsmustbedeveloped.Thispaperreviewstheenabling
technology,presentstherecentadvancesinthedesignanddevelopmentofsuchsub-
systems,andpresentsrecenteffortstowardtheimplementationofatrueall-optical
packetswitchingnode.
Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.Section 2 presentsenablingoptical
technologiesandisparticularlyfocusedonrecentadvancesinhybridintegration,
wavelengthconversion,andringresonator scapabilities.Sections 3-5 presentthe
stateoftheartintheseareasandresearchresultscarriedoutandundertheorgani-
zationofVD-S.FinallySection 6 concludesthepaper.
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